![]() Although often interpreted as a criticism of smoking, Van Gogh was a keen smoker himself, and continued to smoke until his death in 1890. It may be influenced by works of Hercules Segers, a 17th-century Dutch artist, or of Félicien Rops, a Belgian contemporary of van Gogh. It is considered a vanitas or memento mori, at a time when van Gogh himself was in poor health. ![]() In 1887–88, van Gogh painted two more paintings with skulls, the only other works of his (besides a drawing from the same period) to use skulls as a motif. Van Gogh included skeletons in another work from his Antwerp period, a sketch of a "Hanging skeleton and cat". Van Gogh was in Antwerp, Belgium at that time attending classes at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, which he later said were boring and taught him nothing. Before it was common to use live humans as models, the academic routine included the study of skeletons to develop an understanding of human anatomy. It was most likely painted in the winter of 1885–86 as a satirical comment on conservative academic practices. The small and undated oil-on-canvas painting featuring a skeleton and cigarette is part of the permanent collection of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. ![]() ![]() Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette ( Dutch: Kop van een skelet met brandende sigaret) is an early work by Vincent van Gogh. ![]()
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